A company - usually an investment bank, investment fund or consortium of such - that buys or guarantees the sale of an entire issue of a share or bond from a company in order to then sell it to the public. Governments do not usually issue bonds to underwriters. It is rare for a company to undertake an initial public offering without one.
Bonds issued by the US Treasury to cover government expenses. US Treasury Bills usually have an expiration period of less than a year, notes from 1 to 10 years, and bonds - 10 years and longer.
The amount of equity dedicated to maintaining all open positions. Not to be confused with REQUIRED margin - the amount of equity required to OPEN a new position.
An illegal or predatory loan subject to exorbitant interest levels, often issued in the belief that the borrower will not be able to repay the loan.